Effect of treatment with growth hormone on body composition and metabolic profile of short children born small for gestational age.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) on body composition and metabolic profile of prepubertal short children born small for gestational age (SGA) before and after 18 months of treatment. METHODS: It is a clinical, non-randomized, and paired study. Children born SGA, with birth weight and/or length <-2 standard deviations (SD) for gestational age and sex, prepubertal, born at full term, of both genders, with the indication for treatment with rGH were included. The intervention was performed with biosynthetic rGH at doses ranging from 0.03 to 0.05 mg/kg/day, administered subcutaneously, once a day at bedtime. Total lean mass (LM) and total fat mass (FM) were carried out using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the metabolic profile was assessed for insulin, glycemia, IGF-1 levels and lipid profile. RESULTS: Twelve patients (nine girls, 8.17±2.39 y) were evaluated; three patients dropped out of the study. There was an increase of LM adjusted for length (LMI) (p=0.008), LMI standard deviation score (SDS) adjusted for age and sex (p=0.007), and total LM (p<0.001). The percentage of body fat (BF%) and abdominal fat (AF) remained unaltered in relation to the beginning of treatment. Among the metabolic variables, blood glucose remained within normal levels, and there was a reduction in the number of participants with altered cholesterol (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of rGH treatment was higher on LM than in FM, with increased LM adjusted for length and standardized for age and sex. Glycemia remained within the normal limits, and there was a decreased number of children with total cholesterol above the recommended levels.

Dietary intake in individuals with phenylketonuria: an integrative review.

Introduction: Introduction: the dietary intake of individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) may vary widely according to different cultural eating habits, lifestyle, access to multidisciplinary team, and metabolic formulas available. Thus, knowing the dietary intake of this population makes it possible to tailor nutritional treatment strategies to impact their health. Objective: to analyze the evidence on the dietary intake of individuals with PKU. Methods: an integrative literature review was conducted on the dietary intake of individuals with PKU in the databases PUBMED, BIREME and Science Direct. Original articles that addressed the energy and macronutrient food intake of children, adolescents and/or adults with PKU were included in the study, without time restriction, in any language. A total of 384 articles were found and 27 articles were selected and analyzed. Results: evidence about the nutritional composition of their diet showed that individuals with PKU consume between 1160-2721 kcal of energy -7.2-17.4 % (32.4-76.9 g) of energy as protein, 45.9-69.2 % of energy as carbohydrates, 16.6-39 % of energy as lipids- and between 7.6 and 20 g of fiber. Conclusion: most individuals with PKU have low energy, protein and fiber intake, adequate lipid intake, and high carbohydrate intake. Metabolic control of the disease is still a challenge in all countries. Nutritional strategies to improve dietary nutritional composition and phenylalanine blood levels in individuals with PKU remain an urgent issue.

Introducción: Introducción: la ingesta dietética de los individuos con fenilcetonuria (PKU) puede variar ampliamente debido a los diferentes hábitos culturales de alimentación, el estilo de vida, el acceso al equipo multidisciplinar y las fórmulas metabólicas disponibles. Por ello, conocer la ingesta dietética de esta población permite adaptar las estrategias de tratamiento nutricional para incidir en su salud. Objetivo: analizar la evidencia sobre la ingesta dietética de individuos con PKU. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora sobre la ingesta dietética de las personas con PKU en las bases de datos PUBMED, BIREME y Science Direct. El estudio incluyó artículos originales que abordaran la ingesta alimentaria de energía y macronutrientes de niños, adolescentes y/o adultos con PKU, sin restricción de tiempo, en cualquier idioma. Se encontraron 384 artículos y se seleccionaron y analizaron 27. Resultados: la evidencia de la composición nutricional de la dieta mostró que los individuos con PKU consumen entre 1160 y 2721 kcal de energía ­7,2-17,4 % (32,4-76,9 g) de la energía en forma de proteínas, 45,9-69,2 % de la energía en carbohidratos, 16,6-39 % de la energía en lípidos­ y entre 7,6 y 20 g de fibra. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los individuos con PKU tienen una ingesta baja de energía, proteínas y fibra, una ingesta adecuada de lípidos y una ingesta alta de hidratos de carbono. El control metabólico de la enfermedad sigue siendo un reto en todos los países. Siguen siendo urgentes las estrategias nutricionales para mejorar la composición nutricional de la dieta y los niveles de fenilalanina en sangre de los individuos con PKU.

Effect of treatment with growth hormone on body composition and metabolic profile of short children born small for gestational age / Efeito do tratamento com hormônio de crescimento na composição corporal e no perfil metabólico de crianças nascidas pequenas para a idade gestacional com baixa estatura

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) on body composition and metabolic profile of prepubertal short children born small for gestational age (SGA) before and after 18 months of treatment. Methods: It is a clinical, non-randomized, and paired study. Children born SGA, with birth weight and/or length <-2 standard deviations (SD) for gestational age and sex, prepubertal, born at full term, of both genders, with the indication for treatment with rGH were included. The intervention was performed with biosynthetic rGH at doses ranging from 0.03 to 0.05 mg/kg/day, administered subcutaneously, once a day at bedtime. Total lean mass (LM) and total fat mass (FM) were carried out using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the metabolic profile was assessed for insulin, glycemia, IGF-1 levels and lipid profile. Results: Twelve patients (nine girls, 8.17±2.39 y) were evaluated; three patients dropped out of the study. There was an increase of LM adjusted for length (LMI) (p=0.008), LMI standard deviation score (SDS) adjusted for age and sex (p=0.007), and total LM (p<0.001). The percentage of body fat (BF%) and abdominal fat (AF) remained unaltered in relation to the beginning of treatment. Among the metabolic variables, blood glucose remained within normal levels, and there was a reduction in the number of participants with altered cholesterol (p=0.023). Conclusions: The effect of rGH treatment was higher on LM than in FM, with increased LM adjusted for length and standardized for age and sex. Glycemia remained within the normal limits, and there was a decreased number of children with total cholesterol above the recommended levels.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do hormônio de crescimento recombinante (rHC) na composição corporal e no perfil metabólico de crianças pré-púberes com baixa estatura, nascidas pequenas para a idade gestacional (PIG) antes e depois de 18 meses de tratamento. Métodos: Estudo clínico, não randomizado e pareado. Foram incluídas crianças nascidas PIG, com peso e/ou altura ao nascer <-2 desvios padrão (DP) para idade gestacional e sexo, pré-púberes, nascidas a termo, de ambos os sexos, com indicação de tratamento com rGH. A intervenção foi realizada com rGH biossintético com doses variando de 0,03 a 0,05 mg/kg/dia, administrado por via subcutânea, uma vez ao dia ao deitar-se. A massa magra total (LM) e a massa gorda total (MG) foram determinadas por meio de absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia (DXA), e o perfil metabólico foi avaliado com dosagens de insulina, glicemia, IGF-1 e perfil lipídico. Resultados: Doze pacientes (nove meninas, 8,17±2,39 anos) foram avaliados; três pacientes abandonaram o estudo. Houve aumento da LM ajustada para estatura (LMI) (p=0,008), LMI standard deviation scores (SDS) ajustada para idade e sexo (p=0,007) e LM total (p<0,001). O percentual de gordura corporal (GC%) e gordura abdominal (AF) permaneceu inalterado em relação ao início do tratamento. Entre as variáveis metabólicas, a glicemia manteve-se na normalidade, e houve redução do número de participantes com colesterol alterado (p=0,023). Conclusões: O efeito do tratamento com HCr foi maior na MM do que na MG, com o aumento da MM ajustada para altura e padronizada para idade e sexo. A glicemia permaneceu normal e houve redução do número de crianças com colesterol total acima do recomendado.

Dietary patterns and associated factors of children under two years of age born prematurely.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the dietary patterns and associated factors of children aged between 6 and 23 months, born prematurely and assisted at a University Hospital in Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: The parents or guardians of the 135 children were asked about their children's eating habits and the family's socioeconomic and demographic conditions. Information regarding birth and health history were obtained from medical records. Data on food consumption were subjected to exploratory factor analysis and the principal component analysis method was used to estimate the factor loads. Multiple linear regression was performed to verify possible associations. RESULTS: Two dietary patterns were observed: "unhealthy" and "healthy." The "unhealthy" pattern was significantly associated with maternal age, the child's corrected age, and gestational age at birth. The "healthy pattern" was associated with the child's corrected age. Maternal age and child's corrected age remained significant after multiple regression analyses. For the "unhealthy" pattern, a positive effect was observed, suggesting that the consumption of this pattern is higher as the child's age increases and less intense for children with mothers aged 30 years or older. For the "healthy" dietary pattern, the same two variables showed statistical significance. The authors observed a direct proportion between the age and consumption of food groups in both patterns. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the importance of nutritional education for younger mothers regarding their children's eating practices, especially as the child grows.

Dietary patterns and associated factors of children under two years of age born prematurely / Padrões alimentares e fatores associados de crianças menores de dois anos nascidas prematuramente

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the dietary patterns and associated factors of children aged between 6 and 23 months, born prematurely and assisted at a University Hospital in Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: The parents or guardians of the 135 children were asked about their children's eating habits and the family's socioeconomic and demographic conditions. Information regarding birth and health history were obtained from medical records. Data on food consumption were subjected to exploratory factor analysis and the principal component analysis method was used to estimate the factor loads. Multiple linear regression was performed to verify possible associations. Results: Two dietary patterns were observed: "unhealthy" and "healthy." The "unhealthy" pattern was significantly associated with maternal age, the child's corrected age, and gestational age at birth. The "healthy pattern" was associated with the child's corrected age. Maternal age and child's corrected age remained significant after multiple regression analyses. For the "unhealthy" pattern, a positive effect was observed, suggesting that the consumption of this pattern is higher as the child's age increases and less intense for children with mothers aged 30 years or older. For the "healthy" dietary pattern, the same two variables showed statistical significance. The authors observed a direct proportion between the age and consumption of food groups in both patterns. Conclusions: These results indicate the importance of nutritional education for younger mothers regarding their children's eating practices, especially as the child grows.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os padrões alimentares e fatores associados de crianças entre seis e 23 meses de idade, nascidas prematuramente e assistidas em um Hospital Universitário de Curitiba, Paraná. Métodos: Os pais ou responsáveis pelas 135 crianças foram questionados quanto aos hábitos alimentares dos filhos e as condições socioeconômicas e demográficas da família. Informações relativas ao nascimento e ao histórico de saúde foram obtidas dos prontuários. Os dados de consumo alimentar foram submetidos a análise fatorial exploratória e o método dos componentes principais foi utilizado para estimar as cargas fatoriais. Regressão linear múltipla foi realizada para verificar possíveis associações. Resultados: Foram observados dois padrões alimentares distintos. Aquele denominado de "não saudável" apresentou associação significativa com a idade materna, a idade corrigida da criança e a idade gestacional ao nascer. Por sua vez, o padrão denominado de "saudável" esteve associado à idade corrigida da criança. As variáveis idade materna e idade corrigida da criança permaneceram significativas após as análises de regressão múltipla. Para o padrão "não saudável", observou-se um efeito positivo, o que sugere que seu consumo é maior conforme a idade da criança aumenta e menos intenso para crianças com mães de 30 anos de idade ou mais. Para o padrão "saudável", as mesmas duas variáveis mostraram significância estatística. Observamos uma proporção direta entre idade e consumo dos grupos alimentares em ambos os padrões. Conclusões: Esses resultados apontam para a importância da educação nutricional de mães mais jovens quanto às práticas alimentares de seus filhos, especialmente à medida que a criança cresce.

Nutritional and metabolic parameters of children and adolescents with phenylketonuria.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Considering that phenylalanine-poor diets may be monotonous and compromise the development and nutritional status of children and adolescents with phenylketonuria, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of children and adolescents with this condition. METHODS: Retrospective study with anthropometric and biochemical data collection from patients with phenylketonuria in the age group 2-19.9 years. Nutritional status was classified according to the World Health Organization. Biochemical tests were compared to current recommendations. RESULTS: A total of 84 patients (71.8%) were eligible, with a median age of 10.7 years (2.4-19.9 years). There was predominance of adequate (n = 58, 69%) with presence of overweight and obesity in 24 (28.5%) patients. The biochemical tests revealed hyperphosphatemia in 46 (55%), hypertriglyceridemia in 27 (50%), vitamin B12 elevated in 34 (41.2%), selenium deficiency in 10 (13.7%), insufficient zinc in 7 (8.9%), low globulin in 21 (26.9%), low HDL in 35 (59.3%) and elevated phenylalanine level in 28 (34.5%) patients in the sample. Overweight and obesity were correlated with low HDL (p = 0.04) and lowest adequate frequency of LDL (p = 0.09). Higher phosphorus values were associated with lower body weight (r = -0.72) and age (r = -0.75), as well as vitamin B12 in the same parameters (r = -0.67 and r = -0, 68). A positive correlation of phenylalanine with body weight and age (r = 0.62 and r = 0.66) was observed. CONCLUSION: Most patients presented adequate according to anthropometric parameters and appropriate biochemical tests, except HDL, and moderate metabolic control of the disease. However, attention should be paid to the presence of overweight and need for biochemical monitoring of triglycerides, selenium, zinc, HDL, and phenylalanine.

Bone mass and dietary intake in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its association with the nutritional intake, metabolic control, and physical activity level of this population. METHODS: Study including 34 patients with T1DM and 17 controls. Assessments included the participants disease history, intake of macronutrient, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, physical activity level, total body and lumbar spine BMD and serum levels of glycated hemoglobin, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide. RESULTS: Total body and lumbar spine BMD z-scores were normal in all but two participants in the T1DM group. The T1DM group had significantly lower total body BMD z-score values (p < 0.001) and levels of osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Intake of macronutrients and calcium was inadequate in both groups. Participants in the T1DM group were more sedentary (88%) and had inadequate metabolic control (91%) and low vitamin D levels (82%). Bone mass in the T1DM group was influenced by body mass index (BMI), pubertal stage, disease duration, calcium intake, and physical activity level. CONCLUSIONS: Bone mass in patients with T1DM was adequate but lower than controls and was influenced by BMI, pubertal stage, disease duration, calcium consumption, and physical activity level.

Influence of food consumption in the glycemic profile of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes Mellitus / Influência do consumo alimentar no perfil glicêmico de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes Mellitus tipo 1

ABSTRACT Objective To review the dietary intake of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes Mellitus and its association with the glycemic profile. Methods Longitudinal observational study. Dietary intake was measured using a three-day dietary record and the glycemic profile with a continuous glucose monitoring (range between 70 and 180mg/dL) and serum glycated hemoglobin levels (ideal <7.5%). Anthropometric data, insulin therapy, and carbohydrate counting were collected. Results The sample included 34 individuals with type 1 diabetes Mellitus aged 13.6±2.1 years. The majority of the population was eutrophic (76.4%). The entire sample used the basal-bolus insulin regimen, with mean insulin dose of 1.0±0.2U/kg/day; for 44.1% of the sample the carbohydrate counting method was used. Macronutrients intake was adequate in only 8.8% of the individuals, the highest frequency of inadequacy was related to carbohydrates (p=0.07). Inadequate glycemic control with hyperglycemia episodes and high mean glycated hemoglobin (9.7%) was observed in all individuals (61.3±18.5%). Carbohydrate counting was responsible for maintaining the percentage of time that the patient had interstitial blood glucose values within the range >40% (p<0.001) and maintaining the percentage of time in hyperglycemia <50% (p<0.001). Conclusion The majority of individuals were eutrophic, but presented inadequate dietary intake and glycemic control. The method of counting carbohydrates positively influenced the glycemic profile.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o consumo alimentar de crianças e de adolescentes com diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 e sua associação com o perfil glicêmico. Métodos Estudo observacional longitudinal. O consumo alimentar foi mensurado por meio de um registro alimentar de três dias, e o perfil glicêmico com um monitor contínuo de glicemia (alvo entre 70 e 180mg/dL) e de níveis séricos de hemoglobina glicada (ideal <7,5%). Foram coletados dados antropométricos, terapia insulínica e contagem de carboidratos. Resultados A amostra foi formada por 34 indivíduos com diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 com idade de 13,6±2,1 anos. A maior parte da população era eutrófica (76,4%). Toda a amostra utilizava o esquema de insulina basal-bolus, com dose média de 1,0±0,2U/kg/dia, e 44,1% realizava o método de contagem de carboidratos. O consumo dos macronutrientes estava adequado em apenas 8,8% dos indivíduos, sendo a maior frequência de inadequação nos carboidratos (p=0,07). Foram observados controle glicêmico inadequado com episódios de hiperglicemia em todos os indivíduos (61,3±18,5%) e média elevada de hemoglobina glicada (9,7%). A realização da contagem de carboidratos foi responsável por manter o percentual de tempo em que o paciente obteve valores de glicemia intersticial dentro do alvo >40% (p<0,001) e por manter o percentual de tempo em hiperglicemia <50% (p<0,001). Conclusão A maior parte dos indivíduos era eutrófica, porém apresentava consumo alimentar e controle glicêmico inadequados. O método de contagem de carboidratos influenciou positivamente o perfil glicêmico.

Associação entre o consumo alimentar e o nível de atividade física com o risco cardiometabólico em crianças e adolescentes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Association between food consumption and the level of physical activity, with the cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents carried out of diabetes mellitus type 1

Introdução: O diabetes tipo 1 é uma doença crônica, caracterizada pela destruição das células beta pancreáticas que leva a uma deficiência de insulina. É a segunda doença crônica mais frequente da infância e sua incidência vem aumentando nas últimas décadas. O processo aterosclerótico é uma das complicações da doença, inicia-se na infância e sua extensão relaciona-se com o número e a gravidade dos fatores de risco cardiovascular encontrados. Objetivos: Investigar a influência do padrão da ingesta alimentar e do nível de exercício físico realizado por crianças e adolescentes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 com o risco cardiometabólico. Método: Estudo transversal de caráter descritivo, com crianças e adolescentes, idades entre 9 e 17 anos, portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Foram avaliados parâmetros antropométricos (peso corporal, altura, circunferência da cintura (CC), cálculos de índice de massa corporal (IMC), escore Z (E/I) e (IMC/I), aferição da pressão arterial, exames bioquímicos e determinação do estágio puberal, além de questionário para avaliação do nível de atividade física e um diário alimentar de 3 dias. Após dados obtidos, foi realizado a classificação dos pacientes, quanto portadores ou não de síndrome metabólica (SM). Resultados: A amostra compreendeu 31 pacientes (14 masculino e 17 feminino). Destes, 8 crianças e adolescentes apresentavam mais de 3 fatores de risco, sendo classificados como portadores de SM. O consumo alimentar foi considerado inadequado conforme o preconizado, em 90,32% dos avaliados. O consumo de calorias (p=0,039), proteínas (p=0,001) e colesterol (p=0,009) foi significativamente maior no sexo masculino. Tanto o grupo portador de SM como o sem SM apresentaram alimentação inadequada e sedentarismo instalado. Conclusão: Crianças e adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1 tendem a apresentar uma elevação no risco cardiovascular, devido aos fatores de risco presentes com frequência. Não se pode relacionar com a qualidade da alimentação e nível de atividade física.(AU)

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease, characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells that lead to insulin deficiency. It is the second most frequent chronic disease of childhood, and its incidence has been increasing in the last decades. The atherosclerotic process is one of the complications of the disease, which begins in childhood and its extension is related to the number and severity of the cardiovascular risk factors found. Objective: To investigate the influence of the dietary intake pattern and the level of physical exercise performed by children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus with cardiometabolic risk. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with children and adolescents, ages 9 to 17 years, with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The study also evaluated anthropometric parameters (body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), Z score (E / I) and (BMI / I), blood pressure measurement, biochemical tests and determination of the pubertal stage, and included a questionnaire to assess the level of physical activity and a food diary of 3 days. After the data were obtained, the classification of patients, whether or not with metabolic syndrome (MS), was performed. Results: The sample consisted of 31 patients (14 male and 17 female). Of these, 8 children and adolescents had more than 3 risk factors, being classified as having MS. Food intake was considered inadequate according to what was recommended in 90.32% of the patients evaluated. Calorie consumption (p=0.039), protein (p=0.001) and cholesterol (p=0.009) were significantly higher in males. Both the SM and non-SM groups presented inadequate diet and sedentary lifestyle. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes frequently tend to present an elevation in cardiovascular risk due to present risk factors. It can not be related to the quality of the diet and level of physical activity.(AU)

Calcium intake by adolescents: a population-based health survey / Ingestão de cálcio por adolescentes: inquérito de saúde de base populacional

Abstract Objective To analyze calcium intake in adolescents according to sociodemographic variables, health-related behaviors, morbidities, and body mass index. Methods This was a cross-sectional population-based study, with a two-stage cluster sampling that used data from a survey conducted in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. Food intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. The study included 913 adolescents aged 10-19 years. Results Average nutrient intake was significantly lower in the segment with lower education of the head of the family and lower per capita family income, in individuals from other cities or states, those who consumed fruit less than four times a week, those who did not drink milk daily, those who were smokers, and those who reported the occurrence of headaches and dizziness. Higher mean calcium intake was found in individuals that slept less than seven hours a day. The prevalence of calcium intake below the recommendation was 88.6% (95% CI: 85.4-91.2). Conclusion The results alert to an insufficient calcium intake and suggest that certain subgroups of adolescents need specific strategies to increase the intake of this nutrient.

Resumo Objetivos Analisar a ingestão de cálcio em adolescentes segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, de comportamentos relacionados à saúde, morbidades e índice de massa corporal. Métodos Trata-se de estudo transversal de base populacional, com amostra por conglomerados, tomada em dois estágios e que usou dados de inquérito feito em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, em 2008/09. O consumo alimentar foi estimado pelo Recordatório de 24 horas. Foram analisados 913 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. Resultados Médias significativamente inferiores de ingestão do nutriente foram verificadas nos segmentos de menor escolaridade do chefe da família, de menor renda familiar per capita, nos naturais de outros municípios ou estados, nos que consomem frutas menos do que quatro vezes na semana, nos que não bebem leite diariamente, nos fumantes e nos que referiram presença de dor de cabeça e tontura. Média superior de ingestão de cálcio foi encontrada nos indivíduos que dormem menos de sete horas por dia. A prevalência de ingestão de cálcio inferior ao recomendado foi de 88,6% (IC95%: 85,4-91,2). Conclusões Os resultados deste estudo alertam para o consumo insuficiente de cálcio e sugerem que determinados subgrupos de adolescentes necessitam de estratégias mais específicas para aumentar a ingestão desse nutriente.

Calcium intake by adolescents: a population-based health survey.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze calcium intake in adolescents according to sociodemographic variables, health-related behaviors, morbidities, and body mass index. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study, with a two-stage cluster sampling that used data from a survey conducted in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. Food intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. The study included 913 adolescents aged 10-19 years. RESULTS: Average nutrient intake was significantly lower in the segment with lower education of the head of the family and lower per capita family income, in individuals from other cities or states, those who consumed fruit less than four times a week, those who did not drink milk daily, those who were smokers, and those who reported the occurrence of headaches and dizziness. Higher mean calcium intake was found in individuals that slept less than seven hours a day. The prevalence of calcium intake below the recommendation was 88.6% (95% CI: 85.4-91.2). CONCLUSION: The results alert to an insufficient calcium intake and suggest that certain subgroups of adolescents need specific strategies to increase the intake of this nutrient.

Nutritional Status of the adult population in the Bolsa Família Program in Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: The Bolsa Família Program is the largest program of conditional cash transfer in Brazil, and its major goal is to reverse the current food insecurity. In spite of that, there are few studies that show the development of nutritional status for this population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the nutritional status of the adult population enrolled in the Bolsa Família program, in the municipality of Curitiba, PR. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study, performed in the health districts of the city of Curitiba, Parana, in the period from July 2006 to July 2007. We interviewed 747 adults, 18 years of age and over, of both sexes, living in the catchment area of the basic healthcare units in the city. To assess the nutritional status of this population, we measured weight (kg), height (cm), and waist circumference (WC) and calculated the body mass index. They were asked about age, marital status, occupation, number of household members, origin, and years of schooling. The association between excessive weight, waist circumference and sociodemographic co-variables was assessed by unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: About 40% of the population was considered of normal weight and 27.1% obese, according to BMI standards. Analyzing waist circumference data, 48.2% have measures that show a much greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Significant statistical association occurred between BMI increase and age (OR = 2.16; CI 95%: 1.57-2.96), sex (OR = 0.57; CI 95%: 0.33-0.97) and marital status (OR = 1.40; CI 95%: 1.03-1.88). A significant association was observed between waist circumference and age (OR = 2.93; IC 95%: 2.13-4.02) and sex. CONCLUSION: Most of the population presented excessive weight and abdominal fat, risks for cardiovascular diseases. The results point towards the need to build and implement regional diet public policies.

Estado nutricional de população adulta beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família no município de Curitiba, PR / Nutritional Status of the adult population in the Bolsa Família Program in Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: O Programa Bolsa Família é o maior programa de transferência condicionada de renda do Brasil, e tem como um dos principais objetivos reverter o quadro atual de insegurança alimentar, porém ainda são escassos os estudos que mostram o estado nutricional de população dessa população. OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o estado nutricional da população adulta inscrita no Programa Bolsa Família, no Município de Curitiba, PR. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, aplicado nos distritos sanitários do município de Curitiba, Paraná, no período de julho de 2006 a julho de 2007. Foram entrevistados 747 adultos a partir dos 18 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, residentes nas áreas de abrangência das unidades básicas de saúde do município. Para avaliação do estado nutricional dessa população foram aferidos peso (kg), altura (cm) e circunferência da cintura (cc), e calculado o índice de massa corpórea; foram questionados ainda quanto à idade, estado civil, ocupação, número de moradores no domicílio, procedência, escolaridade do entrevistado e do chefe da família. A associação entre excesso de peso, circunferência da cintura e as co-variáveis sociodemográficas foi avaliada por meio da técnica de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Cerca de 40 por cento da população foi considerada eutrófica e 27,1 por cento obesa, segundo padrões de IMC. Avaliando-se os dados de circunferência da cintura, 48,2 por cento da população possuem medidas que denotam risco muito aumentado para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Houve uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre o aumento do IMC e a idade (OR = 2,16; IC 95 por cento: 1,57-2,96), sexo (OR = 0,57; IC 95 por cento: 0,33-0,97) e estado marital(OR = 1,40; IC 95 por cento : 1,03-1,88). Para a circunferência da cintura observou-se uma associação significativa apenas com a idade (OR = 2,93; IC 95 por cento: 2,13-4,02) e o sexo. CONCLUSÃO: Grande parte dos beneficiários apresentou excesso de peso e gordura abdominal que denota risco. Os resultados ora apresentados mostram-se como subsídio para construção e implantação de políticas públicas regionais ligadas à alimentação.

INTRODUCTION: The Bolsa Família Program is the largest program of conditional cash transfer in Brazil, and its major goal is to reverse the current food insecurity. In spite of that, there are few studies that show the development of nutritional status for this population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the nutritional status of the adult population enrolled in the Bolsa Família program, in the municipality of Curitiba, PR. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study, performed in the health districts of the city of Curitiba, Parana, in the period from July 2006 to July 2007. We interviewed 747 adults, 18 years of age and over, of both sexes, living in the catchment area of the basic healthcare units in the city. To assess the nutritional status of this population, we measured weight (kg), height (cm), and waist circumference (WC) and calculated the body mass index. They were asked about age, marital status, occupation, number of household members, origin, and years of schooling. The association between excessive weight, waist circumference and sociodemographic co-variables was assessed by unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: About 40 percent of the population was considered of normal weight and 27.1 percent obese, according to BMI standards. Analyzing waist circumference data, 48.2 percent have measures that show a much greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Significant statistical association occurred between BMI increase and age (OR = 2.16; CI 95 percent: 1.57-2.96), sex (OR = 0.57; CI 95 percent: 0.33-0.97) and marital status (OR = 1.40; CI 95 percent: 1.03-1.88). A significant association was observed between waist circumference and age (OR = 2.93; IC 95 percent: 2.13-4.02) and sex. CONCLUSION: Most of the population presented excessive weight and abdominal fat, risks for cardiovascular diseases. The results point towards the need to build and implement regional diet public policies.

Estado nutricional de população adulta beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família no município de Curitiba, PR / Nutritional Status of the adult population in the Bolsa Família Program in Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: O Programa Bolsa Família é o maior programa de transferência condicionada de renda do Brasil, e tem como um dos principais objetivos reverter o quadro atual de insegurança alimentar, porém ainda são escassos os estudos que mostram o estado nutricional de população dessa população. OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o estado nutricional da população adulta inscrita no Programa Bolsa Família, no Município de Curitiba, PR. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, aplicado nos distritos sanitários do município de Curitiba, Paraná, no período de julho de 2006 a julho de 2007. Foram entrevistados 747 adultos a partir dos 18 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, residentes nas áreas de abrangência das unidades básicas de saúde do município. Para avaliação do estado nutricional dessa população foram aferidos peso (kg), altura (cm) e circunferência da cintura (cc), e calculado o índice de massa corpórea; foram questionados ainda quanto à idade, estado civil, ocupação, número de moradores no domicílio, procedência, escolaridade do entrevistado e do chefe da família. A associação entre excesso de peso, circunferência da cintura e as co-variáveis sociodemográficas foi avaliada por meio da técnica de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Cerca de 40 por cento da população foi considerada eutrófica e 27,1 por cento obesa, segundo padrões de IMC. Avaliando-se os dados de circunferência da cintura, 48,2 por cento da população possuem medidas que denotam risco muito aumentado para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Houve uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre o aumento do IMC e a idade (OR = 2,16; IC 95 por cento: 1,57-2,96), sexo (OR = 0,57; IC 95 por cento: 0,33-0,97) e estado marital(OR = 1,40; IC 95 por cento : 1,03-1,88). Para a circunferência da cintura observou-se uma associação significativa apenas com a idade (OR = 2,93; IC 95 por cento: 2,13-4,02) e o sexo. CONCLUSÃO: Grande parte dos beneficiários apresentou excesso de peso e gordura abdominal que denota risco. Os resultados ora apresentados mostram-se como subsídio para construção e implantação de políticas públicas regionais ligadas à alimentação.(AU)